Born in Portland, Maine, on July 9, 1811, Grata Payson Willis early changed her first name to Sara. She was of a family of strong literary and journalistic traditions: her father, Nathaniel Willis, founded the Youth╒s Companion in 1827, and her elder brother, Nathaniel Parker Willis, was later a poet and editor of the New York Mirror. She was educated in Boston and at Catharine Beecher╒s seminary in Hartford, Connecticut, and she then worked for the Youth╒s Companion until her marriage in 1837 to Charles H. Eldredge. He died nine years later, and in 1849 she married Samuel P. Farrington, from whom she was divorced in 1852. By that time she had begun contributing paragraphs and articles, under the name ╥Fanny Fern,╙ to various periodicals, including True Flag, Olive Branch, and Mother╒s Assistant, and in 1853 a collection of her witty and chatty pieces was published in volume form as Fern Leaves from Fanny╒s Port-Folio. The book promptly sold some 80,000 copies and was quickly followed by a second series of Fern Leaves in 1854 and by Little Ferns for Fanny╒s Little Friends for children in 1854.
In 1855 Willis published her first novel, Ruth Hall, a roman ê clef that satirized her brother Nathaniel and his set. In that year she was engaged by the New York Ledger to write a weekly column for the unprecedented sum of $100 each. She maintained that association for the rest of her life; she was not only one of the first woman columnists in the world of journalism, she was also one of the first whose columns employed satire and even downright impudence to comment on affairs of the day, particularly upon the position of women and the poor in society. Her columns were collected in Fresh Leaves, 1857, Folly as It Flies, 1868, Ginger Snaps, 1870, and Caper-Sauce, 1872. Shortly after beginning her Ledger connection she moved to New York City, where in January 1856 she married James Parton, the eminent biographer. Other books by Fanny Fern were Rose Clark, a novel, 1856, and two children╒s books, The Play Day Book, 1857, and A New Story Book for Children, 1864. In 1868 she joined Jane Croly, Alice Cary, and others in founding the pioneer women╒s club Sorosis. She died in New York City on October 10, 1872.
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